The architect of the Shah Mosque at Isfahan, and one of the few Safavid builders whose name survives on the work itself: an inscription above the doorway of the entrance iwan names him, alongside Muhibb Ali Beg Lala as supervisor and donor. Almost nothing else about his life is recorded. The mosque credits him with the period’s hardest planning problem — a portal fixed to the axis of Shah Abbas’s new maidan and a prayer hall that must face Mecca — solved by turning the whole courtyard forty-five degrees behind the screen of the entrance. He is given no movement label here because the vocabulary available to this pool has no Safavid or Persian term, and inventing one to tidy the mechanic would misdescribe a tradition with its own lineage.
